MIPVU procedure

The Metaphor Identification Procedure VU (Steen et al., 2010) walks every lexical unit in a text and asks four questions:

1. Establish the contextual meaning of the lexical unit.
2. Determine if the unit has a more basic meaning in other contexts (typically more concrete, body-related, historically older).
3. If yes, ask whether the contextual meaning contrasts with the basic meaning but can be understood by comparison to it.
4. If yes, mark the unit as metaphor-related.

This is a linguistic-level procedure, not a cognitive-level claim. It produces token-level labels suitable for machine learning. It is not the same as conceptual-metaphor-theory, which operates over conceptual mappings rather than lexical units.